The proof centers on the application of the Divergence Theorem to a specific vector identity, bridging the behavior of a field within a volume to its properties on the boundary. By choosing the vector product $A \times(\nabla \times A)$, we can express the squared magnitude of the curl, $(\nabla \times A)^2$, as the divergence of that product minus a term involving the double curl. Since the double curl is zero throughout the volume and the boundary condition ensures no "leakage" of the field product across the surface, the total volume integral must vanish. Physically, this demonstrates that under these specific constraints-often seen in energy minimization or uniqueness theorems in electromagnetism-the vector field $A$ must be irrotational $(\nabla \times A=0)$ within that region.
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