This analysis details the crucial identity showing how the covariant divergence ( $\nabla_a T^{b a}$ ) of an antisymmetric tensor ( $T^{a b}$ ), such as the electromagnetic field strength tensor, simplifies in curved spacetime. The derivation relies on two key properties: first, the contracted Christoffel symbol is equivalent to the partial derivative of the metric determinant's logarithm, $\Gamma_{a c}^a=\partial_c \ln (\sqrt{g})$; and second, the antisymmetry of $T^{a b}$ causes the complex Christoffel correction term ( $\Gamma_{a c}^b T^{c a}$) to vanish under summation. By combining the remaining terms using the reverse product rule, the full geometric divergence is shown to be equivalent to the curvature-corrected partial derivative form: $\nabla_a T^{b a} \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{g}} \frac{\partial}{\partial y^a}\left(T^{b a} \sqrt{g}\right)$. This final result is paramount in general relativity, as it demonstrates that the effects of spacetime curvature are entirely and explicitly encapsulated within the volume element $\sqrt{g}$, thereby preserving the coordinate-free structure of conservation laws like Maxwell's equations.

<aside> 🧄

✍️Mathematical Proof

$\complement\cdots$Counselor

</aside>

  1. Covariant Derivative Structure: The full covariant divergence $\nabla_a T^{b a}$ inherently includes two Christoffel symbol correction terms ( $\Gamma_{a c}^b T^{c a}$ and $\Gamma_{a c}^a T^{b c}$ ) that account for the curvature of spacetime.
  2. Antisymmetry Simplification: For an antisymmetric tensor $(T^{b a}=-T^{a b})$, the term $\Gamma_{a c}^b T^{c a}$ vanishes upon summation. This is a standard identity that significantly simplifies the divergence calculation.
  3. Connection to Metric Determinant ( $\sqrt{g}$ ): The term $\Gamma_{a c}^a$ (the contracted Christoffel symbol) is proven to equal the partial derivative of the metric determinant's logarithm:

$$ \Gamma_{a c}^a=\partial_c \ln (\sqrt{g}) $$

  1. Product Rule Equivalence: By using the $\partial_c \ln (\sqrt{g})$ identity, the remaining Christoffel correction term $(\Gamma_{a c}^a T^{b c})$ perfectly combines with the partial derivative term $(\partial_a T^{b a})$ via the reverse product rule:

$$ \partial_a T^{b a}+T^{b a} \partial_a \ln (\sqrt{g})=\frac{1}{\sqrt{g}} \partial_a\left(T^{b a} \sqrt{g}\right) $$

The final identity shows that the complex geometric operation of the covariant divergence ( $\nabla_a$ ) is equivalent to a simple partial derivative ( $\partial_a$ ) acting on a curvature-corrected field ( $T^{b a} \sqrt{g}$ ), followed by scaling by the inverse volume element ( $1 / \sqrt{g}$ ).

This result is fundamental because it explicitly demonstrates that conservation laws (like Maxwell's equations) retain their standard structure in curved spacetime. The effect of gravity/curvature is entirely contained within the factor $\sqrt{g}$, ensuring the equation remains a statement of coordinate-free conservation.

✍️Mathematical Proof

<aside> 🧄

  1. Derivation of Tensor Transformation Properties for Mixed Tensors
  2. The Polar Tensor Basis in Cartesian Form
  3. Verifying the Rank Two Zero Tensor
  4. Tensor Analysis of Electric Susceptibility in Anisotropic Media
  5. Analysis of Ohm's Law in an Anisotropic Medium
  6. Verifying Tensor Transformations
  7. Proof of Coordinate Independence of Tensor Contraction
  8. Proof of a Tensor's Invariance Property
  9. Proving Symmetry of a Rank-2 Tensor
  10. Tensor Symmetrization and Anti-Symmetrization Properties
  11. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Tensor Contractions
  12. The Uniqueness of the Zero Tensor under Specific Symmetry Constraints
  13. Counting Independent Tensor Components Based on Symmetry
  14. Transformation of the Inverse Metric Tensor
  15. Finding the Covariant Components of a Magnetic Field
  16. Covariant Nature of the Gradient
  17. Christoffel Symbol Transformation Rule Derivation
  18. Contraction of the Christoffel Symbols and the Metric Determinant
  19. Divergence of an Antisymmetric Tensor in Terms of the Metric Determinant
  20. Calculation of the Metric Tensor and Christoffel Symbols in Spherical Coordinates
  21. Christoffel Symbols for Cylindrical Coordinates
  22. Finding Arc Length and Curve Length in Spherical Coordinates
  23. Solving for Metric Tensors and Christoffel Symbols
  24. Metric Tensor and Line Element in Non-Orthogonal Coordinates
  25. Tensor vs. Non-Tensor Transformation of Derivatives
  26. Verification of Covariant Derivative Identities
  27. Divergence in Spherical Coordinates Derivation and Verification
  28. Laplace Operator Derivation and Verification in Cylindrical Coordinates
  29. Divergence of Tangent Basis Vectors in Curvilinear Coordinates
  30. Derivation of the Laplacian Operator in General Curvilinear Coordinates
  31. Verification of Tensor Density Operations
  32. Verification of the Product Rule for Jacobian Determinants and Tensor Density Transformation
  33. Metric Determinant and Cross Product in Scaled Coordinates
  34. Vanishing Divergence of the Levi-Civita Tensor
  35. Curl and Vector Cross-Product Identity in General Coordinates
  36. Curl of the Dual Basis in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates
  37. Proof of Covariant Index Anti-Symmetrisation
  38. Affine Transformations and the Orthogonality of Cartesian Rotations
  39. Fluid Mechanics Integrals for Mass and Motion
  40. Volume Elements in Non-Cartesian Coordinates (Jacobian Method)
  41. Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio in Terms of Bulk and Shear Moduli
  42. Tensor Analysis of the Magnetic Stress Tensor
  43. Surface Force for Two Equal Charges
  44. Total Electromagnetic Force in a Source-Free Static Volume
  45. Proof of the Rotational Identity
  46. Finding the Generalized Inertia Tensor for the Coupled Mass System
  47. Tensor Form of the Centrifugal Force in Rotating Frames
  48. Derivation and Calculation of the Gravitational Tidal Tensor
  49. Conversion of Total Magnetic Force to a Surface Integral via the Maxwell Stress Tensor
  50. Verifying the Inhomogeneous Maxwell's Equations in Spacetime

🧄Proof and Derivation-1

</aside>