Parabolic coordinates form an orthogonal system, which simplifies the representation of geometric shapes like parabolas and enables straightforward calculations for vector operators due to their identical scale factors.

<aside> 🧄

✍️Mathematical Proof

$\gg$Mathematical Structures Underlying Physical Laws

$\complement\cdots$Counselor

</aside>

Orthogonality

Unlike the hyperbolic coordinate system, parabolic coordinates are orthogonal. The inner product of the tangent basis vectors, $E_t \cdot E_s$, is zero. This means the coordinate lines for constant $t$ and constant $s$ always intersect at a right angle.

Geometric Interpretation

The coordinate lines for constant $t$ are a family of parabolas opening along the negative $x^2$ axis, while the lines for constant $s$ are a family of parabolas opening along the positive $x^2$ axis. Both sets of parabolas share the same focus at the origin $(0,0)$.

Scale Factors & Operators

The scale factors for the system are identical: $h_t=h_s=\sqrt{t^2+s^2}$. This equality simplifies the expressions for vector operators like the gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian in three dimensions. The expressions for these operators are derived from general formulas for orthogonal curvilinear coordinates.

🎬Demonstration

The demo provides a visual proof that the two families of parabolas always intersect at a right angle. It also shows that the position vector is a direct line from the origin to any point in space, with its components defined by the coordinate system's conversion formulas.

the orthogonal grid formed by the intersecting parabolas

the orthogonal grid formed by the intersecting parabolas

✍️Mathematical Proof

<aside> 🧄

Proving the Cross Product Rules with the Levi-Civita Symbol

Proving the Epsilon-Delta Relation and the Bac-Cab Rule

Simplifying Levi-Civita and Kronecker Delta Identities

Dot Cross and Triple Products

Why a Cube's Diagonal Angle Never Changes

How the Cross Product Relates to the Sine of an Angle

Finding the Shortest Distance and Proving Orthogonality for Skew Lines

A Study of Helical Trajectories and Vector Dynamics

The Power of Cross Products: A Visual Guide to Precessing Vectors

Divergence and Curl Analysis of Vector Fields

Unpacking Vector Identities: How to Apply Divergence and Curl Rules

Commutativity and Anti-symmetry in Vector Calculus Identities

Double Curl Identity Proof using the epsilon-delta Relation

The Orthogonality of the Cross Product Proved by the Levi-Civita Symbol and Index Notation

Surface Parametrisation and the Verification of the Gradient-Normal Relationship

Proof and Implications of a Vector Operator Identity

Conditions for a Scalar Field Identity

Solution and Proof for a Vector Identity and Divergence Problem

Kinematics and Vector Calculus of a Rotating Rigid Body

Work Done by a Non-Conservative Force and Conservative Force

The Lorentz Force and the Principle of Zero Work Done by a Magnetic Field

Calculating the Area of a Half-Sphere Using Cylindrical Coordinates

Divergence Theorem Analysis of a Vector Field with Power-Law Components

Total Mass in a Cube vs. a Sphere

Momentum of a Divergence-Free Fluid in a Cubic Domain

Total Mass Flux Through Cylindrical Surfaces

Analysis of Forces and Torques on a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field

Computing the Integral of a Static Electromagnetic Field

Surface Integral to Volume Integral Conversion Using the Divergence Theorem

Circulation Integral vs. Surface Integral

Using Stokes' Theorem with a Constant Scalar Field

Verification of the Divergence Theorem for a Rotating Fluid Flow

Integral of a Curl-Free Vector Field

Boundary-Driven Cancellation in Vector Field Integrals

The Vanishing Curl Integral

Proving the Generalized Curl Theorem

Computing the Magnetic Field and its Curl from a Dipole Vector Potential

Proving Contravariant Vector Components Using the Dual Basis

Verification of Orthogonal Tangent Vector Bases in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

Vector Field Analysis in Cylindrical Coordinates

Vector Field Singularities and Stokes' Theorem

Compute Parabolic coordinates-related properties

Analyze Flux and Laplacian of The Yukawa Potential

</aside>